Rectal plexus

Rectal plexus

The rectal plexus is a network of nerves located in the pelvic region of the human body. It is part of the autonomic nervous system and plays a crucial role in the innervation of the rectum and the anal canal. The rectal plexus is primarily responsible for the regulation of defecation and the maintenance of fecal continence.

Anatomy[edit | edit source]

The rectal plexus is formed by the convergence of nerve fibers from the inferior hypogastric plexus and the pelvic splanchnic nerves. These nerves provide both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation to the rectum and anal canal.

Sympathetic Innervation[edit | edit source]

The sympathetic fibers originate from the lumbar spinal cord and travel through the lumbar splanchnic nerves to reach the inferior hypogastric plexus. From there, they extend to the rectal plexus. Sympathetic innervation is primarily involved in the inhibition of peristalsis and the contraction of the internal anal sphincter, which helps maintain fecal continence.

Parasympathetic Innervation[edit | edit source]

The parasympathetic fibers arise from the sacral spinal cord (S2-S4) and travel through the pelvic splanchnic nerves to reach the rectal plexus. Parasympathetic innervation promotes peristalsis and relaxation of the internal anal sphincter, facilitating defecation.

Function[edit | edit source]

The primary function of the rectal plexus is to coordinate the complex processes involved in defecation. This includes the regulation of peristaltic movements in the rectum, the relaxation of the internal anal sphincter, and the coordination with the external anal sphincter, which is under voluntary control.

Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]

Disorders of the rectal plexus can lead to various medical conditions, such as fecal incontinence, constipation, and anorectal dysfunction. Damage to the nerves of the rectal plexus can occur due to surgery, trauma, or neurological diseases.