Troleandomycin

troleandomycin.png

Troleandomycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of various bacterial infections. It is a derivative of oleandomycin and is known for its ability to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. Troleandomycin is particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria and some Gram-negative bacteria.

Mechanism of Action

Troleandomycin works by binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, thereby inhibiting the translocation steps in protein synthesis. This action prevents the growth and replication of bacteria, making it an effective antibiotic for treating infections caused by susceptible organisms.

Pharmacokinetics

Troleandomycin is administered orally and is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It undergoes extensive metabolism in the liver, primarily by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system. The drug and its metabolites are excreted mainly in the bile and to a lesser extent in the urine.

Clinical Uses

Troleandomycin is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, including:

• Respiratory tract infections
• Skin and soft tissue infections
• Streptococcal infections
• Staphylococcal infections

Side Effects

Common side effects of troleandomycin include:

• Gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
• Hepatotoxicity
• Allergic reactions such as rash and pruritus

Drug Interactions

Troleandomycin can interact with other medications metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system, leading to increased levels of these drugs in the blood. This can enhance the effects and side effects of these medications. Notable interactions include:

• Warfarin
• Theophylline
• Carbamazepine

Contraindications

Troleandomycin is contraindicated in patients with:

• Known hypersensitivity to macrolide antibiotics
• Severe liver disease

History

Troleandomycin was developed as a semi-synthetic derivative of oleandomycin to improve its pharmacokinetic properties and broaden its spectrum of activity. It has been used clinically since the 1960s.

See Also

• Macrolide antibiotics
• Oleandomycin
• Antibiotic resistance

External Links

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