Gestational trophoblastic disease
(Redirected from Trophoblastic disease)
Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a group of rare tumors that involve abnormal growth of cells inside a woman's uterus. These tumors start in the cells that would normally develop into the placenta during pregnancy. GTD is a spectrum of diseases that includes hydatidiform mole (also known as a molar pregnancy), invasive mole, choriocarcinoma, and placental-site trophoblastic tumor.
Types of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease[edit | edit source]
GTD encompasses several different conditions, each with unique characteristics:
- Hydatidiform Mole: This is the most common form of GTD and can be classified as either a complete mole or a partial mole. A complete mole occurs when an egg with no genetic information is fertilized by a sperm, leading to the growth of abnormal tissue. A partial mole occurs when an egg is fertilized by two sperm, resulting in an abnormal fetus and placenta.
- Invasive Mole: This type of mole can penetrate the muscular layer of the uterus and may cause significant bleeding. It is a locally invasive form of GTD.
- Choriocarcinoma: A highly malignant form of GTD that can spread to other parts of the body, including the lungs, liver, and brain. It often follows a molar pregnancy but can also occur after a normal pregnancy, miscarriage, or abortion.
- Placental-Site Trophoblastic Tumor: A rare form of GTD that arises from the placental implantation site. It tends to grow more slowly and is less likely to spread than choriocarcinoma.
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
The symptoms of GTD can vary depending on the type and extent of the disease. Common symptoms include:
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding during or after pregnancy
- Severe nausea and vomiting
- Rapidly enlarging uterus
- High levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the blood
- Absence of fetal heart sounds in the case of a molar pregnancy
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of GTD typically involves a combination of:
- Ultrasound: To visualize the abnormal growth in the uterus.
- Blood tests: To measure levels of hCG, which are usually elevated in GTD.
- Histopathology: Examination of tissue samples under a microscope to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment for GTD depends on the type and stage of the disease. Common treatment options include:
- Dilation and curettage (D&C): A surgical procedure to remove abnormal tissue from the uterus.
- Chemotherapy: Often used for more aggressive forms of GTD, such as choriocarcinoma.
- Hysterectomy: Surgical removal of the uterus, which may be necessary in some cases.
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
The prognosis for GTD is generally good, especially when diagnosed early and treated appropriately. Most women with GTD can be cured, and fertility is often preserved. However, follow-up care is essential to monitor for any recurrence of the disease.
See Also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
External Links[edit | edit source]
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