Antipsychotic

Phenothiazines

Antipsychotics, also known as neuroleptics or major tranquilizers, are a class of medications primarily used to manage psychosis (including delusions, hallucinations, paranoia or disordered thought), particularly in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

Types

Antipsychotic medications are often grouped into two categories:

• First-Generation Antipsychotics (FGAs), also known as typical antipsychotics, are older medications, including drugs like haloperidol, chlorpromazine, and fluphenazine.
• Second-Generation Antipsychotics (SGAs), also known as atypical antipsychotics, are newer medications, including drugs like risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, and aripiprazole.

Mechanism of Action

Antipsychotics work by altering the effects of certain chemicals in the brain, including neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin, which are involved in mood and behavior.

Indications

Antipsychotics are used in the management of several mental health disorders, such as:

• Schizophrenia
• Severe bipolar disorder
• Unipolar major depression
• Psychotic depression
• Certain personality disorders
• Tourette syndrome

In some cases, they can also be used to treat aggression and agitation in dementia. Side Effects Like all medications, antipsychotics can cause side effects. Common side effects can include:

• Drowsiness
• Dizziness
• Restlessness
• Weight gain (especially with second-generation antipsychotics)
• Dry mouth
• Constipation
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Blurred vision

In rare cases, long-term use of antipsychotics can lead to a condition known as tardive dyskinesia, a movement disorder characterized by involuntary movements.

See Also

• Psychosis
• Schizophrenia
• Bipolar disorder
• Depression
• Antidepressants
• Mood stabilizers

References

Antipsychotic Resources
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