English: This diagram shows the biosynthesis (anabolism) of amino acids glutamate, glutamine, proline, and arginine from the precursor alpha-ketoglutarate. These comprise the alpha-ketoglutarate family of amino acids, which itself is sometimes grouped into the citric acid cycle class of amino acid synthesis routes.

The conventions used in this series of diagrams follow the following rules:

1. The precursors are labeled "START" in green and the products are labeled "PRODUCT" in yellow. 2. All enzymes are indicated in a color-shifting box with curved arrows relating all reactants. Essential coenzymes with no net chemical change are not necessarily included in this series of diagrams, but all reactants are illustrated in standard skeletal diagrams. 3. The straight lines ("Manhattan lines") indicate equivalencies and self-same molecules re-illustrated somewhere else in the diagram. 4. Spontaneous reactions are indicated by an exclamation point (!).

Chang A., Jeske L., Ulbrich S., Hofmann J., Koblitz J., Schomburg I., Neumann-Schaal M., Jahn D., Schomburg D. BRENDA, the ELIXIR core data resource in 2021: new developments and updates. (2021), Nucleic Acids Res., 49:D498-D508.

DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1025 PubMed: 33211880