File:Hypothetical mechanisms underlying the cytokine storm induced by SARS-CoV-2 in infected lungs.jpg
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Summary
| Description |
English: Hypothetical mechanisms underlying the cytokine storm induced by SARS-CoV-2 in infected lungs. SARS-CoV-2 enters target cells (e.g. alveolar epithelial cells) via interaction with the ACE2 receptor, thus triggering a complex immune response characterised by activation of pathogenic Th1 cells, CD14+ CD16+ monocytes, alveolar macrophages and Th17 lymphocytes. These cells release high amounts of cytokines and chemokines, responsible for the cytokine storm sustaining a ‘hyperinflammatory’ environment featured by lung infiltration with neutrophils and macrophages. In critically ill COVID-19 patients with ARDS, the Th1-driven immune adaptive response leading to viral clearance appears to be defective (dashed lines).
ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; APC, antigen presenting cells; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; COVID-19; coronavirus disease 2019; GM-CSF, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2; Th, T helper. |
| Date | |
| Source | (2020). "Lung under attack by COVID-19-induced cytokine storm: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic implications". Ther Adv Respir Dis 14: 1753466620933508. DOI:10.1177/1753466620933508. PMID 32539627. PMC: 7298425. |
| Author |
Corrado Pelaia, Department of Health Sciences, University ‘Magna Graecia’ of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Calabria, Italy. Caterina Tinello, Pediatrics Unit, Provincial Outpatient Center of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Calabria, Italy. Alessandro Vatrella, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Campania, Italy. Giovambattista De Sarro, Department of Health Sciences, University ‘Magna Graecia’ of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Calabria, Italy. Girolamo Pelaia, Campus Universitario ‘Salvatore Venuta’, Viale Europa – Località Germaneto, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy. |
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| Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| current | 10:25, 3 May 2021 | | 684 × 514 (137 KB) | wikimediacommons>OppidumNissenae | Uploaded a work by Corrado Pelaia, Department of Health Sciences, University ‘Magna Graecia’ of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Calabria, Italy Caterina Tinello, Alessandro Vatrella, Giovambattista De Sarro and Girolamo Pelaia (Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing original draft, Writing review editing) from {{cite journal | vauthors = Pelaia C, Tinello C, Vatrella A, De Sarro G, Pelaia G | title = Lung under attack by COVID-19-induced cytokine storm: pathogenic mechanisms and therape... |
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