5-Hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone

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5-Hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone

5-Hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone, also known as furan-2,5-dione or levulinic acid lactone, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C5H4O3. It is a cyclic ester derived from levulinic acid. This compound is commonly used in the food industry as a flavoring agent due to its sweet, caramel-like aroma.

Properties

5-Hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a fruity odor. It is soluble in water and organic solvents. This compound is stable under normal conditions but may polymerize upon prolonged exposure to heat or light.

Synthesis

5-Hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone can be synthesized through the acid-catalyzed dehydration of carbohydrates or by the oxidation of levulinic acid. It is also produced as a byproduct in the Maillard reaction, which occurs during the heating of sugars and amino acids.

Uses

This compound is widely used in the food industry as a flavoring agent in various products such as baked goods, beverages, and confectionery. It imparts a sweet, caramel-like taste and aroma to the final products. Additionally, 5-Hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone has applications in the fragrance industry for its pleasant scent.

Health Effects

5-Hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) when used in food products within specified limits. However, excessive consumption may lead to potential health risks, and individuals with sensitivities to furan derivatives should exercise caution.

See also

• Levulinic acid
• Flavoring agent
• Maillard reaction

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