Actaea rubra

Actaea rubra

Actaea rubra in bloom

Actaea rubra, commonly known as the red baneberry or doll's eyes, is a species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae. It is native to North America, where it is found in a variety of habitats, including woodlands, forests, and shaded areas.

Description[edit | edit source]

Actaea rubra is a perennial herbaceous plant that typically grows to a height of 30-75 cm. The plant has compound leaves that are divided into three leaflets, each of which is further divided into smaller segments. The leaves are dark green and have a slightly serrated edge.

The plant produces small, white flowers that are arranged in dense clusters. These flowers bloom in late spring to early summer. Following the flowering period, Actaea rubra produces bright red berries that are toxic to humans and many animals. The berries are round and have a glossy appearance, resembling a doll's eyes, which is one of the common names for the plant.

Habitat and Distribution[edit | edit source]

Actaea rubra is found across a wide range of North America, from Alaska and Canada to the northern United States. It thrives in moist, shaded environments, often growing in deciduous and coniferous forests. The plant prefers rich, well-drained soil and is commonly found in areas with abundant organic matter.

Toxicity[edit | edit source]

All parts of Actaea rubra are considered toxic, with the berries being particularly dangerous. The plant contains cardiogenic toxins that can cause severe symptoms if ingested, including nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and in extreme cases, cardiac arrest. Due to its toxicity, it is important to handle the plant with care and to educate others about the potential dangers of consuming its berries.

Uses[edit | edit source]

Despite its toxicity, Actaea rubra has been used in traditional medicine by various Indigenous peoples of North America. The roots and berries have been used in small quantities to treat a variety of ailments, although such uses are not recommended without proper knowledge and caution due to the plant's toxic nature.

Conservation Status[edit | edit source]

Actaea rubra is not currently listed as a threatened or endangered species. It is relatively common within its native range and does not face significant threats from habitat loss or other environmental pressures.