CD28 family receptor
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The CD28 family receptor is a group of cell surface receptors that play a crucial role in the regulation of the immune response. These receptors are primarily expressed on T cells and are involved in co-stimulation, a process that enhances the activation and proliferation of T cells.
Structure[edit | edit source]
Members of the CD28 family receptor share structural similarities, including an extracellular immunoglobulin-like domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail. The extracellular domain is responsible for ligand binding, while the cytoplasmic tail contains signaling motifs that mediate downstream signaling pathways.
Function[edit | edit source]
The CD28 family receptors are known for their role in T cell activation. Upon binding to their respective ligands, such as CD80 and CD86, these receptors provide a co-stimulatory signal that is essential for full T cell activation. This signal promotes T cell proliferation, cytokine production, and the development of effector functions.
Members[edit | edit source]
The CD28 family receptor includes several members, such as CD28, CTLA-4, ICOS, and PD-1. Each member has distinct functions and plays a specific role in regulating the immune response. For example, CTLA-4 acts as a negative regulator of T cell activation, while ICOS is involved in the generation of T follicular helper cells.
Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]
Dysregulation of the CD28 family receptors has been implicated in various immune-related disorders, including autoimmune diseases and cancer. Targeting these receptors has emerged as a promising strategy for immunotherapy, with several therapeutic agents designed to modulate their activity currently under investigation.
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
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Credits:Most images are courtesy of Wikimedia commons, and templates Wikipedia, licensed under CC BY SA or similar.Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD