Chorionic gonadotropin beta

Chorionic gonadotropin beta (CGB) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CGB gene. It is a subunit of the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which is produced in large amounts during pregnancy.

Function

The CGB gene is a member of the glycoprotein hormone beta chain family and encodes the beta 3 subunit of chorionic gonadotropin (CG). Synthesized in the placenta, CG is a heterodimeric protein consisting of an alpha and a beta subunit. The alpha subunit is common to all glycoprotein hormones (CG, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and thyroid stimulating hormone), while the beta subunit is unique to CG and dictates its biological specificity.

Clinical significance

The measurement of the beta subunit of hCG in serum is a common diagnostic test for pregnancy. Elevated levels of hCG can also indicate certain types of cancer, such as testicular cancer and ovarian cancer. In addition, hCG is used in fertility treatments to stimulate ovulation.

Structure

The beta subunit of hCG is a 145 amino acid long, glycosylated protein. It contains two disulfide bonds, which are important for its three-dimensional structure and function.

See also

• Human chorionic gonadotropin
• Glycoprotein hormones
• Pregnancy test

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