Colesterol

Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that is found in all the cells of the body. It is essential for the production of vitamin D, hormones, and substances that help digest foods. The body needs cholesterol to build healthy cells, but high levels of cholesterol can increase your risk of heart disease.

Types of Cholesterol[edit | edit source]

Cholesterol travels through the bloodstream in small packages called lipoproteins, which are made of lipids (fats) on the inside and proteins on the outside. There are two main types of lipoproteins that carry cholesterol throughout the body:

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), often referred to as "bad" cholesterol, carries cholesterol particles throughout your body. LDL cholesterol builds up in the walls of your arteries, making them hard and narrow.
High-density lipoprotein (HDL), known as "good" cholesterol, picks up excess cholesterol and takes it back to your liver.

A third type, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), also carries triglycerides, a type of fat, in the blood.

Causes of High Cholesterol[edit | edit source]

High cholesterol can be inherited, but it's often the result of unhealthy lifestyle choices, which make it preventable and treatable. A diet high in saturated fats and trans fats may increase your cholesterol levels. Other risk factors include obesity, lack of exercise, smoking, age, and diabetes.

Symptoms and Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

High cholesterol has no symptoms. A blood test is the only way to detect if you have it.

Treatment and Prevention[edit | edit source]

Lifestyle changes such as eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, avoiding tobacco smoke, and maintaining a healthy weight can help lower cholesterol. Medications may also be prescribed by a doctor to help lower cholesterol.

Complications[edit | edit source]

High cholesterol can lead to a buildup of plaque in the arteries, known as atherosclerosis, which can increase the risk of heart attack, stroke, and peripheral artery disease.

Resources[edit source]

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Source: Data courtesy of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. Since the data might have changed, please query MeSH on Colesterol for any updates.

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