Comic book

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Fantastic Comics 1

The Junior Disease Detectives - Operation Outbreak

René Goscinny

Ally Sloper's Half Holiday (front cover - 27 December 1884)

Comic books are a medium used to express ideas with images, often combined with text or other visual information. Comics frequently take the form of juxtaposed sequences of panels of images. Often textual devices such as speech balloons, captions, and onomatopoeia indicate dialogue, narration, sound effects, or other information. The size and arrangement of panels contribute to narrative pacing. Cartooning and similar forms of illustration are the most common image-making means in comics; fumetti is a form which uses photographic images. Comic books are often serialized, with stories spanning several issues.

History

The history of comic books dates back to the 18th century, but the form as we know it today emerged in the United States in the 1930s. The Golden Age of Comic Books began with the publication of Superman in 1938, marking the birth of the superhero genre. The Silver Age of Comic Books in the 1950s and 1960s saw the revival of superhero titles and the emergence of the Marvel Comics group, with characters such as Spider-Man, The Fantastic Four, and X-Men. The Bronze Age of Comic Books followed, leading into the Modern Age of Comic Books, which began in the 1980s and continues today, characterized by a diversity of genres and an increase in graphic novel publication.

Genres

Comic books cover a wide range of genres, including superhero, science fiction, horror, fantasy, and romance. There are also comics that are educational or that serve to convey messages or information, known as educational comics or propaganda comics.

Formats

The most common formats for comic books are the single-issue, the limited series, and the ongoing series. Single issues are usually published monthly, in a thin format that is stapled or glued. Limited series are finite and tell a complete story over a set number of issues. Ongoing series may run indefinitely and can focus on a single character, group of characters, or a consistent theme.

Production

The production of a comic book involves several steps, including scripting, penciling, inking, coloring, and lettering. The script is written by the writer, who outlines the narrative, dialogue, and action. The penciler creates the initial visual representation, which is then inked by the inker to enhance clarity and depth. The colorist adds color to the images, and the letterer inserts the dialogue and other text.

Distribution

Comic books are distributed through comic book stores, bookstores, online platforms, and digital formats. The direct market is a significant distribution channel, where publishers sell directly to comic book stores.

Cultural Impact

Comic books have had a significant cultural impact, influencing other media such as film, television, and video games. They have also been the subject of criticism and censorship, particularly in the 1950s with the establishment of the Comics Code Authority, which sought to regulate content deemed inappropriate for children.

See Also

• Graphic novel
• Manga
• Webcomic