Conjugated equine estrogens

Conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) are a type of estrogen used in hormone therapy. They are derived from the urine of pregnant mares and are a mixture of various forms of estrogen. CEE is marketed under various brand names, including Premarin, and is available in both oral and topical forms.

History

The use of CEE in hormone therapy dates back to the 1940s. The drug was initially marketed under the brand name Premarin, a portmanteau of "pregnant mares' urine," from which the drug is derived. Over the years, the use of CEE has been subject to controversy due to concerns about animal welfare and potential health risks associated with hormone therapy.

Medical uses

CEE is primarily used in hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms and to prevent osteoporosis. It is also used in the treatment of certain types of breast cancer and prostate cancer. CEE is often prescribed in combination with a progestogen to reduce the risk of endometrial cancer.

Pharmacology

CEE is a mixture of various forms of estrogen, including estrone, equilin, and others. These estrogens are conjugated, meaning they are attached to other molecules, which affects their absorption and metabolism in the body. The exact composition of CEE can vary, depending on the specific brand and formulation.

Side effects

Like other forms of estrogen, CEE can have a number of side effects, including nausea, bloating, breast tenderness, and an increased risk of certain types of cancer. Long-term use of CEE has also been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke.

See also

• Estrogen
• Hormone therapy
• Menopause
• Osteoporosis