Dipterocarpaceae

Dipterocarpaceae is a family of flowering plants primarily found in the tropics of the Old World. The family comprises about 16 genera and approximately 695 species. Members of this family are known for their significant ecological and economic importance, particularly in the Southeast Asian region.

Description

Dipterocarpaceae are typically large trees, often reaching heights of 40-70 meters. They are characterized by their resinous wood and distinctive two-winged fruits, which aid in wind dispersal. The leaves are usually simple, alternate, and have a leathery texture. The flowers are generally small, with five petals, and are often fragrant.

Distribution

The family is predominantly found in the tropical rainforests of Southeast Asia, with the highest diversity in the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, and Sumatra. Some species are also found in India, Sri Lanka, and Africa.

Ecological Importance

Dipterocarpaceae play a crucial role in the structure and function of tropical rainforests. They are often the dominant species in these ecosystems, providing habitat and food for a wide range of wildlife. The trees are also important for carbon sequestration and maintaining the hydrological cycle.

Economic Importance

The wood of Dipterocarpaceae species is highly valued for its durability and is used in construction, furniture, and plywood production. The family also produces valuable resins such as dammar and keruing, which are used in varnishes, paints, and other industrial applications.

Conservation

Many species within the Dipterocarpaceae family are threatened by deforestation and illegal logging. Conservation efforts are focused on sustainable management practices, reforestation, and the establishment of protected areas to preserve these vital species.

Genera

Some of the notable genera in the Dipterocarpaceae family include:

• Dipterocarpus
• Shorea
• Hopea
• Vatica
• Anisoptera

See Also

• Tropical rainforest
• Deforestation
• Carbon sequestration
• Resin