Echis

Echis

A specimen of ''Echis carinatus'', one of the species in the ''Echis'' genus.

Echis is a genus of venomous snakes belonging to the family Viperidae. Commonly known as saw-scaled vipers, these snakes are found in various parts of Africa, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent. The genus comprises several species, including Echis carinatus, Echis coloratus, and Echis ocellatus.

Description

Saw-scaled vipers are characterized by their small to medium-sized bodies, typically ranging from 30 to 90 centimeters in length. They have a distinctive saw-like keeled scales on their dorsal surface, which produce a rasping sound when rubbed together. This behavior is often used as a warning signal to potential predators or threats.

Distribution and Habitat

The Echis genus is widely distributed across different regions. Echis carinatus is found in India, Sri Lanka, and parts of Southeast Asia, while Echis coloratus is native to the Middle East and North Africa. Echis ocellatus is primarily found in West Africa. These snakes inhabit a variety of habitats, including deserts, grasslands, rocky areas, and scrublands.

Venom and Dangerousness

A close-up of the head of a venomous ''Echis carinatus''.

Saw-scaled vipers are highly venomous, and their bites can be potentially life-threatening. The venom of Echis snakes is primarily hemotoxic, causing damage to blood cells, tissues, and organs. Symptoms of envenomation include severe pain, swelling, bleeding, and in some cases, systemic effects such as coagulopathy and renal failure.

Behavior and Diet

Saw-scaled vipers are nocturnal and primarily terrestrial. They are known for their aggressive behavior and quick strikes when threatened. These snakes primarily feed on small mammals, such as rodents, as well as lizards and birds. They possess heat-sensing pits on their heads, which aid in locating prey in low-light conditions.

Conservation Status

Several species within the Echis genus are facing threats due to habitat loss, illegal collection for the pet trade, and persecution by humans. Echis carinatus is listed as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), while Echis coloratus and Echis ocellatus are listed as Near Threatened and Vulnerable, respectively.

See Also

• Viperidae
• Snakebite
• Venomous snakes