Eloise (psychiatric Hospital)

Eloise Psychiatric Hospital was a large complex located in Westland, Michigan. It began as the Wayne County Poorhouse, which was established in 1839. Over the years, it evolved into a large institution that included a tuberculosis sanatorium, a psychiatric hospital, and a general hospital. Eloise was named after Eloise Dickerson Davock, the daughter of Detroit's postmaster.

History

The history of Eloise Psychiatric Hospital is a reflection of the changing attitudes towards mental health and the treatment of the mentally ill over the years. Initially, the facility served as a poorhouse but expanded to include a mental asylum by the 1870s. By the early 20th century, Eloise was at the forefront of psychiatric care, implementing progressive treatments and research in mental health. However, like many institutions of its time, it also faced challenges related to overcrowding and underfunding.

Facilities

The Eloise complex included over 75 buildings spread over 902 acres. It had its own fire department, police, railroad and trolley system, farms, and a post office with a unique ZIP code. The psychiatric hospital was just one part of this vast complex, which at its peak housed over 12,000 patients and employed 2,000 staff.

Treatment and Research

Eloise was known for its pioneering work in psychiatric treatment and research. It was one of the first hospitals to use electroshock therapy, and it also employed music therapy, occupational therapy, and recreational therapy as part of its treatment programs. The hospital had a significant impact on the development of psychiatric care in the United States.

Decline and Closure

By the mid-20th century, the advent of psychiatric medications and a shift towards community-based treatment led to a decline in the patient population at Eloise. The facilities began to close in stages, with the psychiatric hospital closing its doors in 1982. Today, most of the buildings have been demolished or repurposed, but the complex's history continues to fascinate historians, paranormal enthusiasts, and the general public.

Legacy

The legacy of Eloise Psychiatric Hospital is complex. While it was a place of innovation and care for many, it also faced the challenges common to mental health institutions of its era, including overcrowding and underfunding. Today, Eloise serves as a reminder of the evolving understanding and treatment of mental health.

See Also

• History of psychiatry
• Mental health treatment in the United States
• Deinstitutionalization