Fenna–Matthews–Olson complex

Fenna–Matthews–Olson complex (FMO complex) is a protein complex that plays a crucial role in the process of photosynthesis in green sulfur bacteria. It acts as a light-harvesting system, facilitating the transfer of solar energy to the reaction center where chemical energy is produced. This complex is named after the scientists Robert Fenna, Bernard Matthews, and John Olson, who first described it in the 1970s.

Structure

The FMO complex is composed of three identical subunits, each containing seven bacteriochlorophyll molecules. These molecules are arranged in a specific manner that allows efficient energy transfer. The structure of the FMO complex has been elucidated through X-ray crystallography, revealing its intricate design and the precise positioning of the bacteriochlorophyll molecules that facilitate energy transfer.

Function

The primary function of the FMO complex is to capture photons of light and efficiently transfer the energy to the reaction center of the photosynthetic apparatus. This process involves a series of energy transfers among the bacteriochlorophyll molecules within the complex. The efficiency of this energy transfer process is remarkably high, making the FMO complex a subject of interest in the study of quantum biology and the potential development of artificial photosynthesis systems.

Photosynthesis in Green Sulfur Bacteria

Green sulfur bacteria, which contain the FMO complex, are a group of anaerobic photosynthetic bacteria that utilize sulfide or sulfur as electron donors in photosynthesis. They are known for their ability to thrive in extremely low-light environments, such as deep-sea vents and the lower layers of stratified lakes. The FMO complex plays a key role in enabling these bacteria to capture and utilize the limited light available in their habitats.

Quantum Coherence

One of the most fascinating aspects of the FMO complex is its demonstration of quantum coherence in biological systems. Studies have shown that the energy transfer within the FMO complex occurs in a coherent quantum-mechanical manner, challenging traditional views of biological processes. This discovery has sparked significant interest in the potential for quantum effects to play a role in other biological systems and processes.

Research and Applications

Research on the FMO complex continues to advance our understanding of photosynthesis and quantum biology. Insights gained from studying this complex have implications for the development of artificial photosynthesis systems, which could provide new avenues for solar energy conversion and storage. Additionally, the study of the FMO complex contributes to the broader field of biophysics, offering potential applications in bioengineering and the development of biomimetic technologies.

See Also

• Photosynthesis
• Quantum biology
• Green sulfur bacteria
• Reaction center
• Bacteriochlorophyll