Fetal enterovirus syndrome

Fetal Enterovirus Syndrome is a medical condition affecting fetuses and newborns, caused by an infection with an enterovirus transmitted from the mother. Enteroviruses are a group of viruses that include polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, and enteroviruses. These viruses are known to cause a variety of diseases, ranging from mild fever and rash to more severe conditions such as meningitis, myocarditis, and sepsis. Fetal enterovirus syndrome specifically refers to the complications and symptoms that arise when a fetus or newborn is infected.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The symptoms of fetal enterovirus syndrome can vary widely but may include hydrops fetalis, hepatitis, myocarditis, and coagulopathy. In severe cases, it can lead to fetal or neonatal death. Diagnosis is typically made through the detection of the virus in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or tissues of the affected infant. Prenatal diagnosis may involve testing the amniotic fluid or maternal blood for the presence of the virus.

Transmission

Transmission of enteroviruses to the fetus can occur via the placenta during pregnancy or during delivery if the mother has an active infection. The risk of transmission and the severity of the disease can be influenced by the timing of the infection during pregnancy and the specific type of enterovirus involved.

Treatment and Prevention

Treatment for fetal enterovirus syndrome is primarily supportive, focusing on managing symptoms and complications. There is no specific antiviral therapy for enterovirus infections. Prevention strategies include good hand hygiene and avoiding contact with individuals who have enterovirus infections, especially for pregnant women.

Epidemiology

The incidence of fetal enterovirus syndrome is not well documented, as many infections may be asymptomatic or result in mild symptoms that are not recognized as being caused by an enterovirus. Outbreaks of enterovirus infections can occur, leading to increased rates of transmission and potentially more cases of fetal enterovirus syndrome.