Gartner duct

Gartner's duct is an embryonic remnant of the mesonephric duct (Wolffian duct) in females. In males, the mesonephric duct develops into structures such as the epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles, which are parts of the male reproductive system. However, in females, this duct mostly regresses during development, and remnants can persist as Gartner's duct.

Development[edit | edit source]

During embryogenesis, the mesonephric duct (Wolffian duct) and the paramesonephric ducts (Müllerian ducts) develop in close proximity to each other. In females, the Müllerian ducts develop into the uterus, fallopian tubes, and part of the vagina, while the mesonephric ducts largely regress. The persistence of mesonephric duct remnants in females leads to the formation of Gartner's duct.

Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]

Gartner's duct may persist in adult females and can give rise to Gartner's duct cysts. These cysts are usually benign and asymptomatic but can sometimes become enlarged or infected, leading to clinical symptoms such as pain or discomfort. They are typically located on the lateral walls of the vagina.

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

The diagnosis of Gartner's duct cysts is often incidental during pelvic examinations or imaging studies for other conditions. Ultrasound is commonly used to identify these cysts, but MRI can provide more detailed information about their size and exact location.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Treatment of Gartner's duct cysts is usually not necessary unless they cause symptoms. In symptomatic cases, surgical excision may be performed to relieve discomfort or prevent infection.

Epidemiology[edit | edit source]

The exact prevalence of Gartner's duct cysts in the general population is not well documented, as they are often asymptomatic and go undiagnosed. However, they are considered to be relatively rare.