Growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma

Growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma is a type of pituitary adenoma, which is a tumor that occurs in the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain, is often referred to as the "master gland" because it controls the secretion of many hormones that regulate various bodily functions. A growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma specifically produces excessive amounts of growth hormone (GH), leading to a condition known as acromegaly in adults and gigantism in children.

Causes and Pathophysiology

The exact cause of growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas is not fully understood. However, these tumors arise from the somatotroph cells of the anterior pituitary gland, which are responsible for the production of growth hormone. The overproduction of GH by these adenomas can lead to increased levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in the body, which promotes abnormal growth of tissues and organs.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The symptoms of a growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma can vary depending on the age of onset. In adults, the condition known as acromegaly can cause enlarged hands and feet, facial changes, joint pain, and thickened skin. In children, excessive GH can lead to gigantism, characterized by rapid and excessive growth.

Diagnosis of a growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma typically involves a combination of hormone blood tests, imaging studies such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary gland, and visual field tests to assess any impact on vision due to the tumor's location.

Treatment

Treatment options for growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas include surgery, medication, and radiation therapy. The primary treatment is usually surgical removal of the tumor, which can lead to immediate reduction in GH levels. Medications, such as somatostatin analogs and GH receptor antagonists, can be used to lower GH production or block its effects. Radiation therapy may be considered if surgery and medication are not fully effective.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with a growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma is generally good, especially if the tumor is detected early and treated effectively. Successful treatment can lead to normalization of GH levels, resolution of symptoms, and a significant improvement in quality of life.

See Also

• Pituitary gland
• Acromegaly
• Gigantism
• Pituitary adenoma

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