HLA-DO
HLA-DO is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DOA and HLA-DOB genes. HLA-DO is an intracellular heterodimer that plays a critical role in the presentation of antigens to the immune system. It is part of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II molecules, which are expressed in antigen-presenting cells (APCs).
Structure[edit | edit source]
HLA-DO is composed of two non-covalently associated subunits, alpha (DOA) and beta (DOB). The alpha chain is encoded by the HLA-DOA gene, while the beta chain is encoded by the HLA-DOB gene. Both genes are located within the MHC class II region on chromosome 6.
Function[edit | edit source]
HLA-DO functions as a negative regulator of the immune response. It inhibits the peptide loading of MHC class II molecules by blocking the binding of the invariant chain (Ii) and the HLA-DM molecule. This results in a reduced ability of the immune system to respond to foreign antigens.
Clinical significance[edit | edit source]
Alterations in the expression of HLA-DO have been associated with various autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of HLA-DO in these conditions.
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
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