List of human leukocyte antigen alleles associated with cutaneous conditions

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system plays a crucial role in the immune response by presenting antigens to T cells. Variations in HLA alleles have been associated with various cutaneous conditions, providing insights into the genetic basis of these diseases. Here is an expanded list of HLA alleles associated with cutaneous conditions:

• 1. HLA-B27: This allele is strongly associated with ankylosing spondylitis, a chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the spine and sacroiliac joints. It is also linked to reactive arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, which can involve skin manifestations.
• 2. HLA-B57: This allele is associated with a hypersensitivity reaction called abacavir hypersensitivity syndrome, which occurs in some individuals taking the antiretroviral drug abacavir. Skin manifestations, such as rash and blistering, are common in this syndrome.
• 3. HLA-B58: This allele is associated with allopurinol-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs), including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Allopurinol is a medication used to treat gout, and individuals with this allele have an increased risk of developing these severe skin reactions.
• 4. HLA-B15: This allele has been associated with drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS), also known as drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). DIHS/DRESS is a severe multiorgan hypersensitivity reaction that often involves skin manifestations, such as rash, blistering, and exfoliative dermatitis.
• 5. HLA-Cw6: This allele is strongly associated with psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by red, scaly plaques. The presence of HLA-Cw6 increases the risk of developing psoriasis and is associated with an earlier age of onset and more severe disease.
• 6. HLA-DR4: This allele is associated with several autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. These conditions can have cutaneous manifestations, such as rheumatoid nodules and lupus rash.
• 7. HLA-DR3: This allele is associated with autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's syndrome, which can present with various cutaneous manifestations, including rash, photosensitivity, and dry skin.
• 8. HLA-DRB1-15:01: This allele is strongly associated with multiple sclerosis, a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system. Although primarily a neurological disorder, multiple sclerosis can have cutaneous manifestations, such as skin sensory disturbances and skin lesions.

It is important to note that while these HLA alleles are associated with certain cutaneous conditions, they do not guarantee the development of the disease. The interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental factors is complex, and further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying these associations.

List of human leukocyte antigen alleles associated with cutaneous conditions Resources
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