Locusta migratoria

Locusta migratoria, commonly known as the migratory locust, is a species of locust found in Africa, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand. It is the most widespread locust species, and is considered a major agricultural pest due to its ability to form dense and highly mobile swarms.

Description

The adult Locusta migratoria is typically between 2.5 and 6.5 cm in length, with a wingspan of 7 to 9 cm. The body color can vary from brown to green, depending on the locust's phase and environment. The locust has a large, robust body, a small head with large eyes, and two pairs of wings. The hind wings are larger and more powerful, enabling the locust to fly long distances.

Life cycle

The life cycle of the Locusta migratoria consists of three stages: egg, nymph, and adult. The female locust lays her eggs in a pod in the soil. The eggs hatch into nymphs, which resemble small, wingless adults. The nymphs undergo five moults before reaching adulthood. The entire life cycle takes about 10 weeks.

Behavior

Locusta migratoria is known for its migratory behavior. When the population density is low, the locusts behave as individuals. However, when the population density is high, they form dense, mobile swarms that can travel great distances in search of food. This behavior is triggered by changes in the locusts' neurochemistry in response to crowding.

Impact on agriculture

The Locusta migratoria is a major agricultural pest. A single swarm can contain billions of locusts and cover hundreds of square kilometers. The locusts consume all vegetation in their path, causing significant damage to crops and pastures.

Control methods

Control methods for Locusta migratoria include the use of pesticides, biological control agents such as the fungus Metarhizium acridum, and the creation of physical barriers to prevent the locusts from reaching crops. However, these methods have varying degrees of success and can have negative environmental impacts.

See also

• Locust
• Agricultural pest
• Pest control