Made in Swiss

Swiss Confederation Schweiz
Flag Coat of arms of Switzerland Coat of arms
Anthem: Swiss Psalm
Capital	Bern
Largest city	Zurich
Official languages	German, French, Italian, Romansh
Government	Federal republic
• Federal President	Guy Parmelin
• Vice President	Ignazio Cassis
Legislature	Federal Assembly
Area
• Total	41,290 km2 (15,940 sq mi)
Population
• 2021 estimate	8,372,000
GDP (PPP)	2021 estimate
• Total	$703.1 billion
• Per capita	$83,800
Gini (2019)	29.7 low
HDI (2020)	0.955 very high
Currency	Swiss franc (CHF)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
Driving side	right
Calling code	+41
ISO 3166 code	CH
Internet TLD	.ch

Switzerland, officially known as the Swiss Confederation, is a federal republic located in Central Europe. It is bordered by Germany to the north, France to the west, Italy to the south, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is known for its picturesque landscapes, high quality of life, and political neutrality.

Etymology

The name "Switzerland" is derived from the German word Schweiz, which means "Swiss". The country is also known as Confédération suisse in French, Confederazione Svizzera in Italian, and Confederaziun svizra in Romansh.

History

Switzerland has a rich history dating back to prehistoric times. The region was inhabited by various Celtic tribes before being conquered by the Roman Empire in the 1st century BC. After the fall of the Roman Empire, Switzerland became part of the Frankish Empire and later the Holy Roman Empire.

In 1291, the three cantons of Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden formed a defensive alliance known as the Old Swiss Confederation. Over the centuries, more cantons joined the confederation, and Switzerland gained independence from the Holy Roman Empire in 1499.

During the Napoleonic era, Switzerland was occupied by French troops and transformed into the Helvetic Republic. However, after Napoleon's defeat, Switzerland regained its independence and adopted a new federal constitution in 1848.

Geography

Switzerland is a landlocked country known for its stunning alpine landscapes. The country is divided into 26 cantons, each with its own government and constitution. The highest peak in Switzerland is the Dufourspitze, located in the Monte Rosa massif, which reaches a height of 4,634 meters (15,203 feet).

Switzerland is also home to numerous lakes, including Lake Geneva, Lake Zurich, and Lake Lucerne. The Rhine, Rhône, and Inn are the country's major rivers. The Swiss Alps cover about 60% of the country's total land area.

Economy

Switzerland has one of the most prosperous and stable economies in the world. It is known for its highly skilled workforce, innovation, and strong financial sector. The country is famous for its precision engineering, pharmaceuticals, banking, and watchmaking industries.

Switzerland is not a member of the European Union but has close economic ties with the EU through various bilateral agreements. The Swiss franc (CHF) is the official currency of Switzerland.

Culture

Switzerland is a multicultural country with four official languages: German, French, Italian, and Romansh. This linguistic diversity is reflected in the country's literature, music, and art.

Switzerland is also known for its traditional festivals, such as the Fête de l'Escalade in Geneva and the Zibelemärit onion market in Bern. The country is famous for its cheese, chocolate, and watches, which are highly regarded worldwide.

Tourism

Switzerland is a popular tourist destination, attracting millions of visitors each year. The country offers a wide range of outdoor activities, including skiing, hiking, and mountaineering. The cities of Zurich, Geneva, and Lucerne are known for their historical landmarks, museums, and vibrant cultural scenes.

Notable tourist attractions in Switzerland include the Matterhorn, Jungfraujoch, Château de Chillon, and the Rhine Falls. The country's efficient public transportation system, including the famous Swiss railways, makes it easy for tourists to explore the diverse landscapes and attractions.

See also

• Cantons of Switzerland
• Swiss Alps
• Swiss cuisine
• Swiss National Park