Microglial cells

Microglial cells are a type of glial cell that are the resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS). They are the primary form of active immune defense in the CNS. Microglial cells are distributed in large numbers throughout the brain and spinal cord. They are derived from myeloid progenitor cells and are part of the mononuclear phagocyte system.

Function

Microglial cells perform a variety of tasks in the CNS, including phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and cytokine production. They are the primary responders to pathogen invasion in the CNS. Microglial cells are also involved in the maintenance of homeostasis in the CNS and play a role in neurodevelopmental processes such as synaptic pruning.

Activation

Microglial cells are typically in a resting state, but can become activated in response to injury or disease. Activation of microglial cells is a complex process that involves changes in cell morphology, proliferation, and the production of inflammatory mediators. Activated microglial cells can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on the CNS.

Role in disease

Microglial cells have been implicated in a number of neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. In these diseases, microglial cells may contribute to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.

Research

Research into the role of microglial cells in health and disease is ongoing. This research is important for understanding the pathogenesis of neurological diseases and for the development of new therapeutic strategies.

See also

• Neuroimmunology
• Neuroinflammation
• Neurodegeneration