Miller-Fisher syndrome
Alternate names[edit | edit source]
Cranial variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome; Cranial variant of GBS
Definition[edit | edit source]
Miller Fisher syndrome is a rare, acquired nerve disease that is considered to be a variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome. It is characterized by abnormal muscle coordination, paralysis of the eye muscles, and absence of the tendon reflexes.
Epidemiology[edit | edit source]
- The worldwide incidence of GBS is approximately 1 to 2 in 100,000, with MFS variant representing a tiny subset of the cases (1 to 2 in 1,000,000).
- It affects more men than women with an approximate gender ratio of 2:1 and a mean age of 43.6 years at the onset of disease.[1][1].
Cause[edit | edit source]
- MFS and GBS are thought to result from an aberrant acute autoimmune response to a preceding infection (e.g., Campylobacter jejuni, Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
- A cross-reaction between peripheral nerve antigens and microbial/viral components through molecular mimicry is thought to drive the inflammatory process of this illness.[2][2].
Onset[edit | edit source]
Symptoms often start several days after a viral illness.
Signs and symptoms[edit | edit source]
- The main features are lack of muscle coordination (ataxia), eye muscle weakness resulting in the inability to move the eyes in several directions (ophthalmoplegia), and the absence of tendon reflexes.
- Other symptoms include generalized muscle weakness and respiratory failure.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
- In most people with Miller Fisher syndrome an antibody (anti-GQ1b) is identified.
- The presence of these autoantibodies helps confirm the diagnosis of the syndrome.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment for Miller Fisher syndrome is identical to treatment for Guillain-Barré syndrome: intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or plasmapheresis (a procedure in which antibodies are removed from the blood) and supportive care.
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
- The prognosis for most individuals with Miller Fisher syndrome is good.
- In most cases, recovery begins within 2 to 4 weeks of the onset of symptoms, and may be almost complete within 6 months.
- Some individuals are left with residual deficits.
- Relapses may occur rarely (in less than 3 percent of cases).
NIH genetic and rare disease info[edit source]
Miller-Fisher syndrome is a rare disease.
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- ↑ Rocha Cabrero F, Morrison EH. Miller Fisher Syndrome. [Updated 2020 Oct 23]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507717/
- ↑ Rocha Cabrero F, Morrison EH. Miller Fisher Syndrome. [Updated 2020 Oct 23]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507717/
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