Neurodevelopmental

Neurodevelopmental disorders are a group of disorders that affect the development of the nervous system, leading to abnormal brain function which may affect emotion, learning ability, self-control, and memory. The disorders are generally present and diagnosed at infancy or early childhood, but the effects of the disorders are carried along to adulthood.

Causes

The causes of neurodevelopmental disorders are numerous but can be broadly classified into genetic disorders, environmental factors, and a combination of both. Genetic disorders include conditions such as Down syndrome and Fragile X syndrome. Environmental factors can include anything from prenatal drug and alcohol exposure, to malnutrition, to a lack of social interaction.

Types

There are many types of neurodevelopmental disorders, including:

• Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
• Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
• Learning disorders
• Cerebral palsy
• Intellectual disability
• Communication disorders

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders often requires a team of professionals including a pediatrician, psychologist, speech and language therapist, and occupational therapist. Diagnosis is often made through a combination of physical examination, genetic testing, neurological testing, and behavioral assessment.

Treatment

Treatment for neurodevelopmental disorders often involves a combination of medication, behavioral therapy, physical therapy, and speech and language therapy. The goal of treatment is to maximize the child's ability to function and reduce the symptoms of the disorder.

See also

• Developmental psychology
• Neurodevelopment
• Child development

References

Neurodevelopmental Resources
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