Ortolan bunting

Emberiza hortulana nhm

Emberiza hortulana MHNT.ZOO.2010.11.217 Neschers

Ortolan Bunting (Emberiza hortulana) is a small bird in the bunting family Emberizidae, known for its distinctive song and beautiful plumage. The species is found across the European continent, stretching into parts of Asia, and is a migratory bird, wintering in Africa. It has garnered attention not only for its appearance and song but also for the controversial culinary practices associated with it in some countries.

Description

The Ortolan Bunting is approximately 16 cm in length, with a wingspan of 23-29 cm. It has a distinctive greenish-yellow face with a grey crown and pinkish-brown underparts. Males and females have similar plumage, though the male's colors are generally more vibrant. The bird's song is a melodious series of trills and whistles, often delivered from a high perch.

Habitat and Distribution

Ortolan Buntings prefer open countryside with scattered bushes and trees, often inhabiting farmland, vineyards, and edges of forests. Their breeding range extends from western and central Europe eastwards to western Siberia. They migrate by night, wintering in the Sahel region of Africa, south of the Sahara Desert.

Diet

The diet of the Ortolan Bunting primarily consists of seeds and insects. During the breeding season, insects become a crucial part of their diet, especially for feeding their young.

Reproduction

Ortolan Buntings breed in late spring and early summer. They are ground nesters, with the female building a well-hidden nest in which she lays 4-6 eggs. The eggs are incubated for about 12-14 days, and the chicks fledge 11-14 days after hatching. The species typically produces one brood per year.

Conservation Status

The Ortolan Bunting is listed as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), although its population is declining in parts of its range. Habitat loss, agricultural intensification, and illegal hunting, particularly in the Mediterranean region for gastronomic purposes, are significant threats to its population.

Culinary Controversy

The Ortolan Bunting has been a part of French cuisine for centuries, considered a delicacy. The traditional method of preparation involves fattening the captured bird, then drowning it in Armagnac before cooking. This practice has been criticized by animal rights groups and is illegal under French and European law, although enforcement of these laws has been lax. The controversy surrounding the consumption of Ortolan Buntings has sparked international debate on wildlife conservation and animal rights.

In Culture

Beyond its culinary notoriety, the Ortolan Bunting has been celebrated in literature and music, symbolizing the beauty of nature and the changing seasons. Its melodious song is particularly noted for heralding the arrival of spring.