Pharyngeal aspiration

Illu conducting passages

Pharyngeal aspiration is the inhalation of foreign material into the pharynx and larynx due to impaired swallowing function. This condition can lead to serious complications such as aspiration pneumonia and respiratory distress.

Causes

Pharyngeal aspiration can occur as a result of various factors, including neurological disorders like stroke, Parkinson's disease, or multiple sclerosis, which can affect the coordination of swallowing muscles. Structural abnormalities in the throat or esophagus, such as esophageal stricture or Zenker's diverticulum, may also contribute to pharyngeal aspiration.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of pharyngeal aspiration include coughing, choking, wheezing, and difficulty breathing. Patients may also experience recurrent respiratory infections and unexplained weight loss.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of pharyngeal aspiration typically involves a videofluoroscopic swallowing study or a fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing to assess swallowing function and identify any signs of aspiration.

Treatment

Treatment for pharyngeal aspiration aims to prevent further aspiration events and manage any underlying conditions contributing to the problem. This may involve dietary modifications, swallowing therapy, or surgical interventions to correct structural abnormalities.

Complications

If left untreated, pharyngeal aspiration can lead to serious complications such as aspiration pneumonia, lung abscess, or respiratory failure. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management are essential to prevent these adverse outcomes.

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