Phyllary

Balsamorhiza hookeri (23151243349)

Phyllary

A phyllary is a type of bract found in the Asteraceae family of plants, commonly known as the daisy family. Phyllaries are the small, leaf-like structures that form the involucre surrounding the base of the flower head or capitulum in these plants. They play a crucial role in protecting the developing florets and can vary greatly in size, shape, and texture among different species.

Structure and Function[edit | edit source]

Phyllaries are typically arranged in one or more rows at the base of the flower head. They can be herbaceous or scarious, and their appearance can range from green and leaf-like to dry and papery. The primary function of phyllaries is to protect the immature florets from environmental stressors such as herbivory, desiccation, and mechanical damage. In some species, phyllaries may also aid in the dispersal of seeds by providing additional structures for wind or animal transport.

Variation Among Species[edit | edit source]

The morphology of phyllaries can be highly variable among different genera and species within the Asteraceae family. For example, in the genus Helianthus, which includes the common sunflower, the phyllaries are typically broad and green, while in the genus Centaurea, they may be narrow and spiny. This variation is often used as a diagnostic feature in the identification and classification of species within the family.

Ecological Significance[edit | edit source]

Phyllaries play a significant role in the reproductive success of Asteraceae plants. By protecting the developing florets, they ensure that the flowers can mature and produce viable seeds. Additionally, the structure and arrangement of phyllaries can influence the attractiveness of the flower head to pollinators, thereby affecting pollination efficiency.