Pleural space

Pleural space or pleural cavity is a thin fluid-filled space between the two pulmonary pleurae (known as visceral and parietal) of each lung. A pleura is a serous membrane which folds back onto itself to form a two-layered membranous pleural sac. The outer pleura (parietal pleura) is attached to the chest wall, but is separated from it by the endothoracic fascia. The inner pleura (visceral pleura) covers the lungs and adjoining structures, via blood vessels, bronchi and nerves.

Anatomy

The pleural cavity, with its associated pleurae, aids optimal functioning of the lungs during breathing. The pleural cavity also contains pleural fluid, which serves as a lubricant and allows the pleurae to slide effortlessly against each other during respiratory movements.

Clinical significance

The pleural space can be affected by a variety of pathological conditions, such as pleural effusion, pneumothorax, hemothorax, chylothorax, pleural tumors, and pleurisy.

Pleural effusion

Pleural effusion is a condition in which excess fluid builds up in the pleural space. This can be caused by a variety of medical conditions, including pneumonia, tuberculosis, lung cancer, and heart failure.

Pneumothorax

Pneumothorax is a condition in which air or gas accumulates in the pleural space, causing the lung to collapse. This can occur due to injury, certain medical procedures, or spontaneously in people with underlying lung disease.

Hemothorax

Hemothorax is a condition in which blood accumulates in the pleural space. This can occur due to injury or as a complication of medical or surgical treatment.

Chylothorax

Chylothorax is a condition in which lymphatic fluid, known as chyle, accumulates in the pleural space. This can occur due to injury or as a complication of medical or surgical treatment.

Pleural tumors

Pleural tumors are a rare type of cancer that occurs in the pleural space. They can be either benign or malignant.

Pleurisy

Pleurisy is a condition in which the pleura becomes inflamed, often resulting in a sharp chest pain that worsens during breathing.

See also

• Thoracic cavity
• Mediastinum
• Pericardial cavity

Pleural space Resources
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