RGS4

Protein RGS4 PDB 1agr

RGS4

RGS4, also known as Regulator of G protein signaling 4, is a protein that plays a crucial role in the regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathways. It is encoded by the RGS4 gene in humans.

Structure

RGS4 consists of several domains, including an N-terminal domain, a RGS domain, and a C-terminal domain. The RGS domain is responsible for the protein's GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity, which allows it to accelerate the hydrolysis of GTP bound to G proteins, thereby terminating their signaling activity.

Function

The primary function of RGS4 is to negatively regulate G protein signaling by accelerating the intrinsic GTPase activity of G proteins. By doing so, RGS4 helps to terminate signaling cascades initiated by G protein-coupled receptors, thereby modulating cellular responses to various stimuli.

Role in Disease

Dysregulation of RGS4 expression has been implicated in several diseases, including schizophrenia and cardiovascular disorders. Studies have shown that alterations in RGS4 levels can impact neurotransmitter signaling in the brain, leading to disruptions in neuronal function and contributing to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

Interactions

RGS4 interacts with various proteins involved in G protein signaling pathways, including G proteins themselves, G protein-coupled receptors, and other regulatory proteins. These interactions are essential for the proper functioning of RGS4 in modulating G protein signaling dynamics.

Clinical Significance

Due to its role in regulating G protein signaling, RGS4 has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of diseases characterized by aberrant G protein signaling, such as certain types of cancer and neurological disorders. Targeting RGS4 activity may offer a novel approach to modulating cellular responses and restoring normal signaling pathways in disease states.