SDF-1

SDF-1 (Stromal cell-derived factor 1), also known as CXCL12, is a chemokine protein that in humans is encoded by the CXCL12 gene. It plays a crucial role in the immune system by controlling the migration and positioning of immune cells.

Function

SDF-1 is a chemokine that performs several functions in the body. It is involved in hematopoiesis, the process by which the body produces blood cells. It also plays a role in the cardiovascular system, aiding in the repair of damaged heart tissue. In the immune system, SDF-1 helps to regulate the migration and adhesion of leukocytes, a type of white blood cell.

Structure

The SDF-1 protein is a small, stromal cell-derived molecule that is rich in cysteine. It is a member of the CXC chemokine family, which is characterized by the presence of four conserved cysteine residues. The structure of SDF-1 includes a three-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet and a C-terminal alpha-helix.

Clinical significance

SDF-1 has been implicated in several diseases. It is overexpressed in many types of cancer, where it can promote tumor growth and metastasis. It also plays a role in HIV infection, as the virus uses the SDF-1 receptor CXCR4 to enter cells. In addition, mutations in the CXCL12 gene that encodes SDF-1 can lead to a rare, inherited form of leukocytosis, a condition characterized by an overproduction of white blood cells.

See also

• Chemokine
• Immune system
• Hematopoiesis
• Leukocyte
• Cancer
• HIV

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