Scapulimancy

Scapulimancy is an ancient form of divination or fortune-telling that involves the interpretation of patterns, cracks, or symbols on the scapula, or shoulder blade, of an animal. This practice, also known as scapulomancy, is a subset of osteomancy, which is divination using bones. Scapulimancy has been utilized by various cultures throughout history, including those in East Asia, North America, and among the Shang Dynasty in ancient China.

Origins and History

The origins of scapulimancy can be traced back to prehistoric times, with evidence suggesting its practice in ancient China as early as the 14th century BCE during the Shang Dynasty. The Shang people would use the scapulae of oxen or the plastrons (underside shells) of turtles in their divinatory rituals. These items, after undergoing a preparation process, were inscribed with questions concerning future events, military endeavors, weather patterns, and royal affairs. A heat source was then applied to the bone or shell, causing it to crack. Diviners interpreted the resulting crack patterns to predict the future or gain insight into the will of the ancestors or deities.

In North America, Native American tribes such as the Mississippian culture also practiced scapulimancy, using the shoulder blades of deer and other animals to predict outcomes of future events, particularly hunting expeditions.

Methodology

The methodology of scapulimancy varies among different cultures but generally involves a few common steps: 1. Selection of the Scapula: A suitable animal scapula is chosen, often based on the type of question or the desired outcome of the divination. 2. Preparation: The scapula is cleaned, and sometimes inscribed with specific questions or symbols. 3. Application of Heat: The bone is subjected to heat, either by direct fire or by applying hot metal rods, until it cracks. 4. Interpretation: The diviner interprets the patterns, directions, and nature of the cracks to predict future events or gain insights.

Cultural Significance

Scapulimancy held significant cultural and religious importance in societies that practiced it. In ancient China, it was closely associated with royal and religious ceremonies, reflecting the belief in a cosmic order that could be understood and influenced through divination. The practice was not only a means of forecasting the future but also a way to communicate with ancestors and deities, seeking their guidance and approval.

Modern Perspectives

Today, scapulimancy is largely viewed as a historical or anthropological curiosity rather than a viable method of divination. However, it remains a subject of interest for scholars studying ancient cultures, religions, and practices of divination. The practice is also occasionally referenced in popular culture, literature, and art, often as a symbol of the human desire to understand and influence the unknown.

See Also

• Divination
• Osteomancy
• Shang Dynasty
• Oracle bones