Signare

Hommes femmes et scènes du Sénégal-Jacques Grasset de Saint Sauveur mg 8495

SignaresBal

La Signare de Gorée avec ses esclaves-Musée de la Compagnie des Indes

Signare was the term used in Senegal and the French colonial West Africa during the 17th to 19th centuries to refer to women of mixed African and European descent, who played a unique role in the society and economy of the time. These women were often involved in commerce, and many became quite wealthy and influential, serving as intermediaries between the local African societies and the European traders and officials.

Origin and Etymology

The word "Signare" is derived from the Portuguese word senhora, meaning "lady". This reflects the Portuguese influence in the region, as they were among the first Europeans to engage in trade along the West African coast. The Signares were known for their distinct dress, which blended African and European elements, and for their ability to navigate and mediate between the two cultures.

Social and Economic Role

Signares played a crucial role in the Atlantic slave trade and the local economy. They often entered into "marriage" contracts with European men, known as "mariage à la mode du pays" (marriage according to the custom of the country). These arrangements were not marriages in the European legal sense but were recognized by local customs. Through these relationships, Signares gained access to wealth and social status, and in return, European men gained access to local networks and trade opportunities.

In addition to their involvement in trade, Signares were also notable for their ownership of slaves and participation in the slave trade. They used their wealth to build impressive homes, some of which still stand today in places like Saint-Louis, Senegal, and Gorée Island, serving as reminders of their once significant influence.

Cultural Impact

The Signares have left a lasting impact on the culture and society of Senegal and the surrounding region. They are remembered for their entrepreneurial spirit, their role in the cultural exchange between Africa and Europe, and their contributions to the architectural and social landscape of their communities.

Their legacy is also complex, given their involvement in the slave trade, which has led to mixed perceptions of their historical role. Nonetheless, the story of the Signares provides a fascinating glimpse into the nuanced social and economic dynamics of colonial West Africa.

See Also

• History of Senegal
• Atlantic slave trade
• Colonialism in Africa
• Mixed-race