TRIC

Transmembrane Protein 214 (TMEM214), also known as TRIC (Trimeric Intracellular Cation channel), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM214 gene. This protein is integral to the function of intracellular cation channels, which are crucial for the regulation of calcium ions (Ca²⁺) within various cell types. The regulation of calcium ions is essential for numerous cellular processes, including muscle contraction, neurotransmitter release, and cell growth.

Function

TRIC channels are unique as they form trimeric (three-part) complexes that facilitate the passage of monovalent and divalent cations across intracellular membranes. These channels are predominantly found in the sarcoplasmic or endoplasmic reticulum of cells, where they play a critical role in the storage and release of Ca²⁺. By modulating calcium signaling, TRIC channels contribute to the precise control of cellular activities and are implicated in the regulation of both physiological and pathological processes.

Types

There are two main types of TRIC channels identified in mammals: TRIC-A and TRIC-B. Each type has distinct tissue distribution and functional roles:

• TRIC-A is primarily expressed in skeletal muscle and is involved in the regulation of muscle contraction.
• TRIC-B is found in a wide range of tissues and is thought to be involved in the regulation of cell volume and possibly in the development of certain diseases.

Clinical Significance

Alterations in TRIC channel function have been linked to several diseases. Mutations in the genes encoding TRIC channels can lead to disorders such as hypertension, cardiomyopathy, and certain types of muscle weakness. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of TRIC channel operation and its role in disease can provide insights into potential therapeutic targets for treating related conditions.

Research

Ongoing research is focused on elucidating the detailed structure and function of TRIC channels, their role in calcium signaling, and their involvement in various diseases. Advanced techniques such as cryo-electron microscopy have been utilized to reveal the trimeric structure of TRIC channels, providing a basis for understanding how these channels regulate ion flow across cellular membranes.

See Also

• Calcium signaling
• Sarcoplasmic reticulum
• Endoplasmic reticulum
• Ion channel

External Links

• TMEM214 gene on NCBI

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