Tarsal gland

Tarsal gland

The tarsal gland or Meibomian gland is a type of exocrine gland found in the eyelids of mammals. It is named after the German doctor Heinrich Meibom, who first described it in detail in the 17th century. The tarsal glands are responsible for the production of meibum, an oily substance that prevents the tear film from evaporating.

Anatomy[edit | edit source]

The tarsal glands are located within the tarsal plate of the upper and lower eyelids. Each eyelid contains approximately 25 to 40 of these glands, which are arranged vertically. The glands are tubuloalveolar in structure, meaning they have both tubular and sac-like components.

Function[edit | edit source]

The primary function of the tarsal glands is to secrete meibum, which is released onto the eye's surface through tiny openings in the eyelids. This oily substance forms the outermost layer of the tear film, helping to prevent the evaporation of the underlying aqueous layer. It also provides a smooth surface for the eyelid to slide over the cornea, reducing friction and irritation.

Disorders[edit | edit source]

Disorders of the tarsal glands can lead to a variety of eye conditions. Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a common condition in which the glands do not secrete enough meibum, leading to dry eye symptoms. Blepharitis, an inflammation of the eyelids, can also be caused by problems with the tarsal glands. In severe cases, a blocked tarsal gland can lead to a chalazion, a small lump in the eyelid.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Treatment for disorders of the tarsal glands typically involves managing the symptoms and addressing the underlying cause. This may include warm compresses, eyelid massages, and medications such as antibiotics or steroids. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary.