Tartar (Calculus)

Tartar, also known as calculus, is a rough, porous mineral deposit that forms on teeth. It starts off as plaque, which is a soft, sticky biofilm filled with bacteria. When plaque is not removed promptly from the teeth, it can harden and turn into tartar.

Formation

The formation process of tartar involves:

• Dental Plaque Accumulation: After every meal, a layer of dental plaque accumulates on the teeth.
• Mineralization: Over time, saliva's minerals, primarily calcium phosphate, crystallize and fuse with the plaque, leading to the hardening or calcification of the plaque.
• Tartar Build-up: As the mineralized plaque continues to accumulate, it forms tartar.

Locations

Tartar primarily builds up in two areas:

• Supragingival Tartar: Found on the visible part of the tooth, above the gumline. It’s easier to see and remove.
• Subgingival Tartar: Located below the gumline, attached to the tooth roots. This type is more problematic as it can contribute to gum diseases like periodontitis.

Risks

• Can lead to severe gum diseases like gingivitis and periodontitis.
• Provides a porous surface for additional plaque accumulation.
• Can cause bad breath and discoloration of teeth.
• Can lead to tooth loss if not managed appropriately.

Prevention

• Regularly brush and floss teeth to prevent plaque build-up.
• Use an antiseptic mouthwash to reduce bacteria in the mouth.
• Attend regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings.
• Consuming a balanced diet and reducing sugary foods and drinks.

Treatment

The removal of tartar requires a procedure known as scaling. During this procedure:

• A dental professional, usually a dental hygienist, uses special tools like scalers and curettes to gently scrape off tartar from the tooth surfaces.
• For severe cases, ultrasonic instruments might be used.
• Regular dental cleanings, typically every six months, can help in managing tartar build-up.

See Also

• Plaque and tartar removal
• Dental cleanings
• Periodontal disease

References

• "Dental Calculus and Tartar." American Dental Association.
• "What is Tartar?" Academy of General Dentistry.