Weaver–Dunn procedure

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Weaver–Dunn procedure is a surgical technique used in the treatment of Acromioclavicular joint (AC joint) separations. This procedure was first described by Weaver and Dunn in 1972 as a method to address chronic, symptomatic acromioclavicular joint dislocations. The Weaver–Dunn procedure has since undergone various modifications to improve outcomes and address the limitations of the original technique.

Overview

The acromioclavicular joint is located at the top of the shoulder, where the clavicle (collarbone) meets the acromion (a bony projection on the scapula, or shoulder blade). Injuries to this joint, often caused by direct trauma or falls onto the shoulder, can lead to dislocations or separations. The Weaver–Dunn procedure is primarily indicated for high-grade AC joint separations (typically grades III-VI according to the Rockwood classification system) that do not respond to conservative treatment measures.

Procedure

The original Weaver–Dunn procedure involves two main steps:

1. Resection of the distal end of the clavicle: This step involves removing a small portion of the end of the clavicle to prevent bone-on-bone contact with the acromion, which can cause pain and hinder shoulder movement.
2. Transfer of the coracoacromial ligament to the clavicle: The coracoacromial ligament is detached from its original insertion and reattached to the clavicle. This serves to replace the function of the damaged or torn acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments, stabilizing the AC joint.

Over the years, modifications to the original procedure have been introduced, including the use of synthetic grafts, suture anchors, and arthroscopic techniques to enhance the stability of the joint and improve the recovery process.

Indications

The Weaver–Dunn procedure is indicated for patients with persistent symptoms from a high-grade acromioclavicular joint separation that have not improved with non-surgical treatment options, such as physical therapy, pain management, and activity modification. It is also considered for individuals who require high levels of shoulder function and strength for their daily activities or occupations.

Risks and Complications

As with any surgical procedure, the Weaver–Dunn procedure carries risks and potential complications. These may include infection, nerve injury, blood vessel damage, continued pain, stiffness or loss of motion in the shoulder, and failure of the ligament transfer or graft leading to recurrent instability of the AC joint.

Recovery

Recovery from the Weaver–Dunn procedure involves a period of immobilization followed by a structured rehabilitation program. Physical therapy is crucial to regain shoulder strength and range of motion. The total recovery time can vary, but many patients can expect to return to their normal activities within 4 to 6 months post-surgery.

Conclusion

The Weaver–Dunn procedure is a surgical option for treating high-grade acromioclavicular joint separations. While it has been a staple technique for many years, ongoing modifications and advancements in surgical methods continue to improve the outcomes for patients undergoing this procedure. As with any surgery, a thorough discussion with a qualified orthopedic surgeon is necessary to determine the most appropriate treatment plan based on the individual's specific condition and needs.

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