Whitehorse

Street in Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, ca 1900 (HESTER 312)

White horse 1910

Canada - Whitehorse - NARA - 68154678 (cropped)

Yukon River at Whitehorse -b

Sikh men in turbans sitting and standing on rocky bank with bags and supplies, Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, April 1906 (AL+CA 7021)

YQ Start Whitehorse 2005 0002

Whitehorse is the capital and largest city of Yukon, Canada. It is located at kilometre 1426 on the Alaska Highway in southern Yukon. Whitehorse's downtown and Riverdale areas occupy both shores of the Yukon River, which originates in British Columbia and flows into the Bering Sea in Alaska. The city is named after the White Horse Rapids for their resemblance to the mane of a white horse, near the location of the city's hydroelectric power plant. As of the last census, Whitehorse accounts for more than 70% of the territory's population, making it an important cultural and economic center in the region.

History

The area that is now Whitehorse has long been a fishing and hunting camp for the First Nations people, notably the Kwanlin Dün First Nation and the Ta’an Kwäch’än Council. The city's modern history began in the late 19th century during the Klondike Gold Rush, when it became a major transportation hub for miners headed to the gold fields around Dawson City. The completion of the White Pass and Yukon Route railway in 1900 further established Whitehorse as a key transportation link between Yukon and the port of Skagway, Alaska.

In 1953, Whitehorse became the capital of the Yukon Territory, moving from Dawson City which was the original capital. This shift was part of a larger federal effort to develop the Canadian North, and it spurred significant growth and development in the city.

Geography

Whitehorse is surrounded by rugged mountains and sits on the banks of the Yukon River. The city's landscape is characterized by its northern boreal forest environment, offering a unique blend of natural beauty and outdoor recreation opportunities, including hiking, canoeing, and fishing. The area is also known for its hot springs and abundant wildlife.

Climate

The city experiences a subarctic climate, with long, cold winters and short, warm summers. Whitehorse is also noted for its dry climate, receiving less precipitation than other parts of Canada. The phenomenon of the midnight sun can be experienced in the summer months, while the aurora borealis is often visible during the winter.

Economy

Whitehorse's economy is diverse, with significant contributions from the public sector, tourism, mining, and transportation. The city serves as a major administrative center for both the federal and territorial governments. Tourism plays a vital role in the local economy, with attractions including the SS Klondike National Historic Site, the Yukon Beringia Interpretive Centre, and the Takhini Hot Springs. Mining remains a key industry in the region, with the city acting as a service hub for mining operations.

Demographics

Whitehorse is the most populous city in the Yukon, with a diverse population that includes a significant number of First Nations people. The city is known for its vibrant arts scene and community events, including the Yukon International Storytelling Festival and the Yukon Quest dog sled race.

Transportation

Whitehorse is a major transportation hub in northern Canada, with road, air, and rail connections. The Erik Nielsen Whitehorse International Airport provides flights to major Canadian cities and seasonal destinations. The Alaska Highway connects the city to Alaska and the rest of Canada, while the White Pass and Yukon Route offers a historic rail link to Skagway, Alaska.

Education

The city is home to Yukon University, the first university in the territory, offering a range of programs and courses to students. Whitehorse also has a number of public and private schools, providing education from kindergarten through to grade 12.

Culture

Whitehorse has a rich cultural life, with numerous festivals, art galleries, and theaters. The Yukon Arts Centre is a major venue for performing arts and exhibitions. The city's multicultural community is celebrated through various events and festivals throughout the year.