4-Dehydroepiandrosterone

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4-Dehydroepiandrosterone (4-DHEA) is a steroid hormone that is a naturally occurring androgen and estrogen precursor. It is closely related to dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), differing only by the position of a double bond in the steroid structure.

Biochemistry

4-DHEA is synthesized in the adrenal glands, gonads, and the brain. It serves as a precursor to testosterone and estradiol, which are critical for the development and maintenance of male and female secondary sexual characteristics, respectively. The conversion of 4-DHEA to these active hormones involves several enzymatic steps, primarily occurring in peripheral tissues.

Functions

4-DHEA plays a role in various physiological processes, including:

• Immune system modulation
• Metabolism regulation
• Bone density maintenance
• Mood and cognitive function enhancement

Clinical Significance

4-DHEA has been studied for its potential therapeutic applications in conditions such as adrenal insufficiency, depression, and osteoporosis. However, its use as a supplement is controversial due to potential side effects and the lack of comprehensive clinical trials.

Regulation

In many countries, 4-DHEA is regulated as a controlled substance due to its potential for misuse in performance enhancement and bodybuilding. It is important to consult with healthcare professionals before considering its use.

See also

• Dehydroepiandrosterone
• Testosterone
• Estradiol
• Steroid hormone
• Adrenal gland

References

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