Calloused

Calloused

A callous (or callus) is an area of thickened skin that forms as a response to repeated friction, pressure, or other irritation. Callouses are most commonly found on the hands and feet, where the skin is subjected to frequent rubbing or pressure. They serve as a protective mechanism, preventing damage to the underlying tissues.

Formation

Callouses form when the outer layer of the skin, known as the epidermis, becomes thickened due to the accumulation of dead skin cells. This process is known as hyperkeratosis. The thickened skin acts as a barrier, protecting the underlying tissues from further damage.

Common Locations

Callouses are most commonly found on the:

• Hands: Often seen in individuals who perform manual labor, play musical instruments, or engage in sports that involve gripping.
• Feet: Commonly develop on the heels, balls of the feet, and toes due to walking, running, or wearing ill-fitting shoes.

Symptoms

Callouses are generally not painful but can cause discomfort if they become too thick or if they crack. Symptoms include:

• Thickened, rough skin
• A hardened, raised bump
• Dry or flaky skin
• Possible tenderness or pain

Prevention and Treatment

Preventing callouses involves reducing the friction and pressure on the skin. This can be achieved by:

• Wearing properly fitting shoes
• Using protective gloves during manual activities
• Using padding or insoles to reduce pressure on the feet

Treatment options for callouses include:

• Soaking the affected area in warm water to soften the skin
• Using a pumice stone or foot file to gently remove the thickened skin
• Applying moisturizing creams to keep the skin soft
• In severe cases, seeking medical treatment from a podiatrist or dermatologist

Related Conditions

Callouses are often confused with corns, which are similar but typically smaller and more painful. Corns usually have a central core that can press into deeper layers of the skin, causing discomfort.

See Also

• Blister
• Dermatology
• Podiatry
• Skin care

References

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