Carditis

Heart anterior exterior view

Carditis is an inflammation of the heart or its surroundings. It can involve the heart's muscle (myocarditis), the heart's outer lining (pericarditis), or the heart's inner lining (endocarditis). These conditions can occur separately or together, and they range in severity from mild to life-threatening. Carditis can be caused by infections, autoimmune diseases, or exposure to toxins, and its treatment varies depending on the underlying cause.

Causes

The causes of carditis vary depending on the specific type of carditis. Infections, particularly viral infections, are common causes of myocarditis and pericarditis. Bacterial infections, especially those caused by the bacteria Streptococcus, can lead to endocarditis. Autoimmune conditions, such as rheumatic fever, can cause inflammation in various parts of the heart, often following a throat infection. Other causes include medications, radiation therapy, and exposure to toxic substances.

Symptoms

Symptoms of carditis also vary depending on the type and severity of the condition but may include:

• Chest pain or discomfort
• Shortness of breath
• Fatigue
• Fever
• Swelling in the legs or abdomen
• Palpitations
• A sudden loss of consciousness (in severe cases)

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of carditis involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. Tests may include:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG) to check the heart's electrical activity
• Echocardiogram to visualize the heart's structure and function
• Blood tests to detect markers of inflammation or infection
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the heart to assess inflammation and damage

Treatment

Treatment for carditis depends on the cause and may include medications to reduce inflammation, treat infection, or manage symptoms. In cases of bacterial endocarditis, antibiotics are typically prescribed. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair damage to the heart.

Prevention

Preventing carditis involves managing risk factors and underlying conditions that may lead to heart inflammation. This includes practicing good hygiene to avoid infections, getting vaccinated, and managing autoimmune diseases effectively.

See also

• Heart disease
• Infective endocarditis
• Rheumatic fever
• Cardiomyopathy

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