Greater Caucasus

Kazbeghi

Greater Caucasus is a major mountain range in the Caucasus region, situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea in Europe and Asia. It plays a crucial role in the geography, climate, and biodiversity of the region, as well as in the cultural and political history of the surrounding countries.

Geography

The Greater Caucasus range extends for about 1,200 kilometers (750 miles) from the northwest to the southeast. It forms part of the boundary between Eastern Europe and Western Asia, stretching from the Anapa in the northwest to the Azerbaijan-Iran border in the southeast. The highest peak in the range is Mount Elbrus, which rises to 5,642 meters (18,510 ft), making it the tallest mountain in Europe.

The range is divided into three sections:

• The Western Caucasus, which includes the highest peak, Mount Elbrus.
• The Central Caucasus, known for its rugged terrain and numerous glaciers.
• The Eastern Caucasus, which extends into Azerbaijan and is characterized by lower elevations.

Climate

The climate of the Greater Caucasus varies significantly across the region. The northern slopes receive more precipitation and are covered in dense forests, while the southern slopes are drier and characterized by alpine meadows and semi-desert areas. The high elevations of the range are covered in snow year-round, and there are numerous glaciers, especially in the Central Caucasus.

Biodiversity

The diverse climates and isolated valleys of the Greater Caucasus have resulted in a high level of biodiversity. The region is home to a variety of plant and animal species, some of which are endemic to the Caucasus. The forests are inhabited by species such as the Caucasian leopard, brown bear, and the Caucasian black grouse, while the higher altitudes provide habitat for the Caucasian ibex and the East Caucasian tur.

Cultural Significance

The Greater Caucasus has been a crossroads of various cultures throughout history, influencing the development of the peoples and nations on both its northern and southern slopes. It has served as a natural barrier between the northern plains and the southern lands, playing a strategic role in the defense and trade routes of the region.

Current Issues

The region faces several environmental challenges, including deforestation, loss of biodiversity, and the effects of climate change on its glaciers. Additionally, the Greater Caucasus is located in a geopolitically sensitive area, with ongoing conflicts affecting parts of the range.

See Also

• Caucasus Mountains
• Lesser Caucasus
• Caspian Sea
• Black Sea