Hairy root

Hairy cell leukemia is a rare, slow-growing cancer of the blood in which your bone marrow makes too many B cells (lymphocytes), a type of white blood cell that fights infection. These excess B cells are abnormal and look "hairy" under a microscope. As the number of leukemia cells increases, fewer healthy white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets are produced.

Etiology

The exact cause of hairy cell leukemia is unknown. It is not a hereditary disease and it is not contagious. Some studies suggest that exposure to certain chemicals, such as those used in the rubber industry and farming, may be linked to hairy cell leukemia. However, more research is needed to confirm these findings.

Symptoms

The symptoms of hairy cell leukemia often develop slowly and may include fatigue, weakness, weight loss, infections, and a feeling of fullness in your abdomen due to an enlarged spleen.

Diagnosis

Hairy cell leukemia is often found during a routine blood test, before symptoms begin. If you have symptoms that suggest leukemia, your doctor will try to find out what's causing the problems. You may have a physical exam and blood tests. You may also have a bone marrow biopsy, in which a small amount of bone marrow is removed and looked at under a microscope.

Treatment

Treatment for hairy cell leukemia can often lead to remission, which means the signs and symptoms of leukemia disappear. Current treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and watchful waiting.

Prognosis

The prognosis for hairy cell leukemia is generally good, with many patients living with the disease for many years. However, complications can sometimes occur, including infections and a second cancer.

See also

• Leukemia
• Chemotherapy
• Bone marrow biopsy

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