Happening

SurvivalResearch2006

Jean-Jacques Lebel - Beat Generation, 2013.11.09 (1)

Joseph Beuys Filtz TV by Lothar Wolleh

Happening is a term used to describe an event, occurrence, or situation that takes place, often unexpectedly or without a clear cause. The concept of a happening can be applied across various contexts, from social and cultural events to natural phenomena and personal experiences. In the arts, particularly in performance art and the avant-garde movements of the 20th century, a happening is a performance, event, or situation meant to be considered art, usually as performance art. The term was first used by Allan Kaprow during the 1950s to describe a range of art-related event or multiple events, planned as a performance. Happenings occur anywhere (from warehouse to street), are often multi-disciplinary, with a non-linear narrative and the active participation of the audience. Key elements of happenings are planned, but artists also allow for improvisation.

Origins and Development

The concept of happenings first emerged in the late 1950s and early 1960s, primarily in the United States. Artists were seeking new forms of expression that broke away from traditional art forms and involved the audience in the creation of the artwork. Allan Kaprow, who is often credited with creating the first happenings, was influenced by John Cage's experimental music and his use of chance in composition. Kaprow's happenings were revolutionary in that they challenged the boundaries between life and art, encouraging participants to engage in the moment without the constraints of conventional art appreciation.

Characteristics

Happenings are characterized by their break from traditional art forms. They are not confined to galleries or museums but can take place in any environment. They often involve elements of improvisation, spontaneity, and the blurring of the line between performer and audience. Happenings can include performances, but they can also encompass events that happen outside of the control of artists or organizers, emphasizing the importance of the experience over the final product.

Influence on Contemporary Art

The concept of happenings has had a significant influence on contemporary art, leading to the development of performance art, installation art, and flash mobs. The idea that art can happen anywhere and does not need to be confined to traditional spaces has opened up new avenues for artistic expression and engagement with the public.

Criticism and Legacy

While happenings have been celebrated for their innovative approach to art and participation, they have also faced criticism. Some critics argue that the ephemeral nature of happenings makes them difficult to document and understand, particularly in a historical context. Despite this, the legacy of happenings is evident in the continued interest in performance art and participatory art projects, which challenge traditional notions of art and audience.