Khmer people

Khmer Robam Apsara (cropped)

Khmer people distribution Map

Preah Thong and Neang Neak

Ancient Khmer script

Cambodia, Khmer Empire. 2-70. LOC gm71001173 (cropped)

Khmer people are the predominant ethnic group in Cambodia, where they constitute approximately 97% of the over 15 million population. The Khmer people are known for their deep history and rich culture, which dates back to the Angkor period, a time when the Khmer Empire was one of the most powerful in Southeast Asia.

History

The history of the Khmer people is closely tied to the rise and fall of the Khmer Empire. From the 9th to the 15th century, the empire flourished, and its influence extended over much of mainland Southeast Asia. The magnificent temple of Angkor Wat, built in the early 12th century, stands as a testament to the empire's architectural and cultural achievements. However, after the 15th century, the empire went into decline, and the Khmer people faced numerous challenges, including invasions by neighboring countries and European colonialism.

Culture

Khmer culture is one of the oldest in the region and is heavily influenced by Buddhism, particularly Theravada Buddhism, which was adopted by the Khmer Empire in the 13th century. Traditional Khmer culture includes classical dance, music, and arts, which have been passed down through generations. The Cambodian New Year, or Choul Chnam Thmey, is one of the most important cultural celebrations, marking the end of the harvest season.

Language

The Khmer language, part of the Mon-Khmer language family, is the official language of Cambodia. It is used in government, education, and media, and has its own script, which has been in use since the 7th century. The language is notable for its complex system of social registers, which dictate the level of politeness in speech based on the social status and relationship of the speakers.

Economy

Traditionally, the Khmer economy has been based on agriculture, with rice being the staple crop. In recent decades, the economy has diversified, with significant growth in the textile, tourism, and construction sectors. Despite this, many Khmer people, particularly those in rural areas, continue to rely on subsistence farming.

Challenges

The Khmer people have faced numerous challenges in recent history, including the brutal regime of the Khmer Rouge in the 1970s, which led to the deaths of an estimated 1.7 million people. The country has made significant progress in recovering from this period, but many Khmer people still face issues related to poverty, education, and access to healthcare.

Conclusion

The Khmer people have a rich cultural heritage and a history that has seen both great achievements and significant challenges. Today, they continue to be the main cultural and demographic force in Cambodia, contributing to the country's development while preserving their unique traditions and identity.