Lateral pterygoid nerve

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== Lateral pterygoid nerve ==

The lateral pterygoid nerve is a branch of the mandibular nerve (V3), which is itself a branch of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V). This nerve is responsible for innervating the lateral pterygoid muscle, which plays a crucial role in the movement of the mandible.

Anatomy

The lateral pterygoid nerve arises from the anterior division of the mandibular nerve. It travels along with the medial pterygoid nerve and the buccal nerve in the infratemporal fossa. The nerve then enters the lateral pterygoid muscle, providing it with motor innervation.

Function

The primary function of the lateral pterygoid nerve is to supply motor innervation to the lateral pterygoid muscle. This muscle is involved in the complex movements of the mandible, including protrusion, depression, and lateral excursion of the jaw. These movements are essential for mastication (chewing) and speech.

Clinical Significance

Damage to the lateral pterygoid nerve can result in weakness or paralysis of the lateral pterygoid muscle. This can lead to difficulties in jaw movement, affecting chewing and speech. Conditions such as trigeminal neuralgia or trauma to the mandibular nerve can impact the function of the lateral pterygoid nerve.

Related Structures

• Mandibular nerve
• Trigeminal nerve
• Lateral pterygoid muscle
• Medial pterygoid nerve
• Buccal nerve
• Infratemporal fossa

See Also

• Mandibular nerve
• Trigeminal nerve
• Lateral pterygoid muscle
• Mastication
• Trigeminal neuralgia