Poland sequence

Poland Sequence is a rare congenital disorder characterized by the absence or underdevelopment of the pectoralis major muscle on one side of the body, and typically seen with other anomalies such as syndactyly, or the fusion of two or more fingers on the same hand. The condition was first described by British surgeon Alfred Poland in 1841, hence the name.

Etiology

The exact cause of Poland Sequence is unknown, but it is believed to be the result of a disruption in the blood supply to the subclavian artery or its branches during the sixth week of embryonic development. This disruption can lead to a range of developmental abnormalities, including the characteristic absence of the pectoralis major muscle.

Symptoms

The most common symptom of Poland Sequence is the absence or underdevelopment of the pectoralis major muscle. This can result in a range of physical abnormalities, including a sunken or flattened appearance to the chest on one side, limited range of motion in the shoulder, and in some cases, syndactyly. Other less common symptoms can include underdevelopment of the rib cage, breast tissue, and arm on the affected side.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Poland Sequence is typically made based on physical examination. In some cases, imaging studies such as X-rays or MRIs may be used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of the condition.

Treatment

Treatment for Poland Sequence is typically focused on managing the symptoms and improving function and appearance. This can include physical therapy to improve range of motion and strength, and in some cases, surgical intervention to correct physical abnormalities. The specific treatment plan will depend on the individual's specific symptoms and needs.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with Poland Sequence is generally good. While the condition can cause physical abnormalities and limitations, it does not typically affect lifespan or cognitive development.

See also

• Congenital disorder
• Pectoralis major muscle
• Syndactyly