Principal cell

Principal cells (also known as principal cells, P cells, distal convoluted tubule cells, or DCT cells) are cells in the kidneys that help regulate the body's balance of water and electrolytes. They are found in the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct.

Function

Principal cells play a crucial role in maintaining the body's homeostasis. They do this by reabsorbing water and sodium ions from the urine, and secreting potassium ions into the urine. This helps to regulate the body's water and electrolyte balance.

The reabsorption of water and sodium ions by principal cells is regulated by the hormone aldosterone. When the body is dehydrated, the adrenal glands release aldosterone, which stimulates the principal cells to reabsorb more water and sodium ions. This reduces the amount of water and sodium ions that are excreted in the urine, helping to conserve water and maintain the body's electrolyte balance.

The secretion of potassium ions by principal cells is also regulated by aldosterone. When the body has a high level of potassium ions, the adrenal glands release aldosterone, which stimulates the principal cells to secrete more potassium ions into the urine. This helps to reduce the body's level of potassium ions.

Clinical Significance

Abnormalities in the function of principal cells can lead to a variety of medical conditions. For example, if the principal cells are not able to reabsorb enough water and sodium ions, this can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Conversely, if the principal cells secrete too many potassium ions, this can lead to hyperkalemia, a condition characterized by a high level of potassium ions in the blood.

Principal cell Resources
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